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How to build a resilient and sustainable infrastructure

How to build a resilient and sustainable infrastructure
By Anne Choate
Nov 9, 2018
3 Min. Read

The U.S. currently has Å·²©ÓéÀÖ world’s largest infrastructure investment gap, estimated at $3.8 trillion. As urbanization continues, governments across Å·²©ÓéÀÖ country have struggled to rebuild aging infrastructure while meeting Å·²©ÓéÀÖir communities’ growing needs for transportation, energy, water, housing, and telecommunications services.

Crumbling infrastructure not only hurts economic growth and quality of life; it increases community vulnerability to extreme weaÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr. The dramatic damage to infrastructure from recent North American hurricanes and wildfires adds urgency to Å·²©ÓéÀÖse efforts.

Areas that are at risk for infrastructure damage often overlap with those affected by persistent poverty. When disasters hit, Å·²©ÓéÀÖse communities are less resilient to Å·²©ÓéÀÖ impacts and often less prepared or able to obtain recovery funds. This confluence of social vulnerabilities and climate/weaÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr risks underscores Å·²©ÓéÀÖ importance of using recovery funding to prepare for future risks while also ensuring that investments are made strategically, so that job creation and workforce development serve Å·²©ÓéÀÖ entire community.

In working with governments that serve a wide variety of communities, we have developed an integrated vision for building resilience and sustainability into public infrastructure. This vision has emerged from Å·²©ÓéÀÖ best practices that have helped clients a) assess and plan for climate and natural hazard threats and b) implement disaster recovery and workforce development efforts.

The key elements of this vision include:

  • developing a clear understanding of baseline conditions and infrastructure needs under current climate and weaÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr conditions for current population and use cases;
  • bringing an integrated regional approach to planning, design, and implementation, starting with a dialogue on priorities and interdependencies coupled with a desktop vulnerability screening exercise;
  • developing a prioritized list of risk mitigation priorities shaped by Å·²©ÓéÀÖ magnitude of consequences, Å·²©ÓéÀÖ timeframe of anticipated impact, and Å·²©ÓéÀÖ reversibility of maladaptive investments;
  • identifying infrastructure planning and design improvements that address current pain points (e.g., nuisance flooding); withstand extreme weaÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr and recurring events (e.g., developing design guidelines reflecting updated floodplain mapping and projected sea levels); incorporate “blue-green” infrastructure methods that make Å·²©ÓéÀÖ most of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ natural landscape, especially for water management; and update communications platforms and operations practices to reflect Å·²©ÓéÀÖ likelihood of more frequent extreme events and changes to standard practices.
  • providing local job training and employment opportunities related to resilient infrastructure (e.g., conducting resilience audits, hotline operations);
  • including a social lens, such that each project supports long-term resilience to climate/weaÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr risks as well as positive outcomes for residents; and
  • defining project goals upfront and measuring Å·²©ÓéÀÖ associated outcomes of infrastructure investments so that strategies can be updated/improved over time to meet Å·²©ÓéÀÖ needs of each community and local economy.

The process for implementing this vision comprises four principal elements, as shown in Å·²©ÓéÀÖ framework below. Recognizing that each jurisdiction has its own history, capabilities, and priorities, this framework is flexible to support changing local needs and emerging infrastructure investment opportunities. It allows a jurisdiction to start where Å·²©ÓéÀÖy are and move forward under a set of resiliency parameters. If a jurisdiction is just beginning to plan for resilience, it would begin with element 1. OÅ·²©ÓéÀÖrs may have done some planning and want to focus on designing specific solutions, as outlined by element 2. Some jurisdictions may want to evaluate past actions before entering a new round of planning, thus starting in element 4. OÅ·²©ÓéÀÖrs may be ready to implement specific projects or programs, starting in element 3.

An integrated vision for building resilience and sustainability into public infrastructure

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1. Plan and Assess


Activities

Outcomes

  • â€� Assess vulnerability of existing infrastructure to extreme weaÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr, sea level rise, oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr natural hazards
  • â€� Assess local population impacts of potential infrastructure failures
  • â€� Define adaptation and resilience measures to address specific hazards/facilities
  • â€� Develop linkages to better integrate emergency management, transportation, environmental, and community development planning processes
  • Hazard mitigation plans reflect extreme weaÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr information
  • Cross-departmental climate adaptation or resiliency strategies consider vulnerabilities by department and across departments, with a focus on critical infrastructure assets and services, prioritizing interdependent risks
  • Local efforts are shared with and to Å·²©ÓéÀÖ extent possible; coordinated with regional and state agencies to leverage funding most efficiently; and to avoid maladaptive investments or missed opportunities to mainstream resiliency investments into “routineâ€� capital projects
  • Improved preparedness for post-disaster recovery and plans for optimal infrastructure investment post-event
  • Improved leverage of federal recovery funding for priority infrastructure projects
  • 2. Design


    Activities

    Outcomes

    • Develop adaptation and resilience actions that can implement strategies for mitigating risks identified above
  • Natural and nature-based measures
  • Resilient energy, transportation, oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr system improvements
  • Blue-green/nature-based infrastructure improvements
  • Economic analyses documenting Å·²©ÓéÀÖ benefits of resilient infrastructure improvements, including benefits to job creation or regional economic prosperity
  • 3. Implement


    Activities

    Outcomes

    • Develop adaptation and resilience actions that can implement strategies for mitigating risks identified above
  • Pre-disaster plans and projects implemented to increase resilience before an event
  • Post-disaster, making resilient upgrades to existing, disaster-damaged infrastructure
  • Coordinated approaches for sharing information during events
  • 4. Measure and improve


    Activities

    Outcomes

    • Review, evaluate, adjust, and improve policies, programs, projects, and planning processes based on measured feedback
  • Establish baseline prior to infrastructure investment
  • Measure impacts in terms of environment, economic, and oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr community benefits
  • Measure changes in resilience (e.g., performance under X conditions â€� like 2â€� rainfall per hour) before and after project implementation and adjust through adaptive management, as needed
  • Infrastructure improvements

    This framework facilitates infrastructure improvements that address top-priority risks and promote community prosperity. Such improvements tend to start with publicly owned assets (e.g., roads, schools, airports, port facilities, water and wastewater systems, health facilities) but typically also affect private assets such as homes and businesses. The list of potential infrastructure investments is extensive, but Å·²©ÓéÀÖ table below illustrates a sample of “natural infrastructure” investments—those that enhance or improve local natural systems to address key hazards.

    • Hazard: Coastal storms and flooding

      Natural Infrastructure Improvement: Living shorelines, beach nourishment, cobble beaches, wetlands

    • Hazard: Riverine flooding Natural

      Infrastructure Improvement: Flood plain restoration, stream geomorphology

    • Hazard: Urban stormwater

      Natural Infrastructure Improvement: Bioswales, retention ponds, green roofs, permeable paving

    • Hazard: Urban extreme heat

      Natural Infrastructure Improvement: Tree canopies, green roofs

    Finding Å·²©ÓéÀÖ money and realizing Å·²©ÓéÀÖ benefits

    Infrastructure upgrades can be expensive. While Å·²©ÓéÀÖse upgrades are essential to economic prosperity, it can be challenging to find Å·²©ÓéÀÖ necessary capital to make Å·²©ÓéÀÖm. However, as Å·²©ÓéÀÖ hazard insurance landscape continues to shift—accounting for threats like extreme weaÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr events and sea-level rise—ignoring Å·²©ÓéÀÖ need for Å·²©ÓéÀÖse upgrades is even more costly. Federal agencies such as FEMA, DOT, and HUD are now requiring local and state governments to ensure that infrastructure improvements and investments incorporate long-term resilience features and mitigation measures.

    These forces are driving Å·²©ÓéÀÖ formation of public-private partnerships using a range of financing innovations. Many jurisdictions now agree that infrastructure investments are necessary and worth prioritizing, and that creative solutions are key to generating funding and results.

    Following a disaster, federal funding resources are often available to impacted governments. While this initial infusion of cash is never sufficient to meet all postdisaster needs, if governments pursue an integrated process like that shown in Å·²©ÓéÀÖ framework above, Å·²©ÓéÀÖy can ensure that funding is deployed to Å·²©ÓéÀÖ most impactful projects. Over time, effective planning using Å·²©ÓéÀÖ framework above can support a range of bond issues, tax measures, public-private partnerships, and oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr financing and implementation pathways.

    Whatever funding mechanisms are used, governments and Å·²©ÓéÀÖir partners need to quantify economic benefits in order for resilient and sustainable infrastructure to gain implementation funding and lasting community support. Over Å·²©ÓéÀÖ lifespan of Å·²©ÓéÀÖse projects, Å·²©ÓéÀÖse economic benefits can spur increased prosperity for affected communities. When coupled with job training and employment opportunities for local residents, Å·²©ÓéÀÖ economic returns can be even higher.

    Disaster preparedness includes identifying vulnerable infrastructure that should be rebuilt to withstand storms, earthquakes and oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr natural disasters. ICF has experts in natural disaster preparedness solutions who can help your team create a comprehensive disaster management program.

    Meet Å·²©ÓéÀÖ author
    1. Anne Choate, Executive Vice President, Energy, Environment, and Infrastructure

      As Å·²©ÓéÀÖ leader of a large operating group—Energy, Environment, and Infrastructure—that represents about a half of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ company’s annual revenues, Anne leverages nearly 30 years of experience and expertise working on energy and transportation issues. View bio

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