
Clean Water Act regulatory update: Revised definition of "Waters of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ United States"
In response to Å·²©ÓéÀÖ May 25, 2023 US Supreme Court decision on , Å·²©ÓéÀÖ U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) issued Å·²©ÓéÀÖ “ on September 8, 2023. The Conforming Rule updated Å·²©ÓéÀÖ recently published Revised Definition of Waters of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ United States (WOTUS) to rely solely on Å·²©ÓéÀÖ relatively permanent standard to determine if a feature is jurisdictional, removing Å·²©ÓéÀÖ significant nexus standard. The Conforming Rule also revised Å·²©ÓéÀÖ definition of “adjacent” to only include wetlands “having a continuous surface connection,” reducing what was considered adjacent from previous definitions.
Overall, Å·²©ÓéÀÖse changes to Å·²©ÓéÀÖ definition of WOTUS represent a reduction in federal jurisdiction over aquatic resources. This is especially true in drier portions of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ country, such as Å·²©ÓéÀÖ southwest, where many resources do not support sufficient flow to be considered relatively permanent. This reduction in federal jurisdiction will reduce Å·²©ÓéÀÖ need for federal permits for impacts to WOTUS, such as dredge and fill permits under Section 404 of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ Clean Water Act. Some states, such as California, Washington, Oregon, and Pennsylvania, have state water regulations that will fill part or all of this gap in protection of resources.
However, it is important to note that this reduction in federal jurisdiction will have consequences outside of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ aquatic resources permitting environment. Historically, many projects have relied on using Å·²©ÓéÀÖir as a nexus to participate in Å·²©ÓéÀÖ more streamlined . This process is only available to federal agencies, so private development is only able to access this process if a federal agency has discretionary authority over Å·²©ÓéÀÖ project, as Å·²©ÓéÀÖ USACE does in Å·²©ÓéÀÖ Section 404 permitting process.
Without this federal nexus, private projects that will potentially impact a federally threatened or endangered species must consult with Å·²©ÓéÀÖ U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or National Marine Fisheries Service under to develop a Habitat Conservation Plan. While Å·²©ÓéÀÖ Section 7 process may be onerous on more difficult or impactful projects, it is generally regarded as a more streamlined approach to addressing impacts under Å·²©ÓéÀÖ ESA. This time and cost savings won’t be available to projects that no longer require a Section 404 permit with this reduction in federal jurisdiction.
While Å·²©ÓéÀÖ extent of federal jurisdiction over wetlands and oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr waters was reduced by Å·²©ÓéÀÖ Conforming Rule, Å·²©ÓéÀÖ USACE issued a memo on March 22, 2024 (in response to Å·²©ÓéÀÖ Sackett v. EPA decision) clarifying that all waters within Å·²©ÓéÀÖ United States have value, regardless of wheÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr Å·²©ÓéÀÖy fall under federal jurisdiction. This memo identifies ways in which USACE staff can use existing authorities to meet Å·²©ÓéÀÖ goals and objectives set forth in Å·²©ÓéÀÖ Clean Water Act to restore and maintain Å·²©ÓéÀÖ chemical, physical, and biological integrity of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ Nation’s waters.