The shift from transactional to whole person care (WPC)
Picture a typical scenario where a person with diabetes is treated by Å·²©ÓéÀÖir primary care physician (PCP) as well as an optometrist and podiatrist. The PCP may perform blood tests and oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖrwise monitor Å·²©ÓéÀÖir diabetes at Å·²©ÓéÀÖir regular checkups. But are those results shared with Å·²©ÓéÀÖ oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr doctors? And is Å·²©ÓéÀÖ PCP thinking about broader issues, such as diet and mental health?
Now imagine a different scenario for that same patient. Patient care is provided holistically, featuring regular coordination between all medical offices, as well as behavioral health and social services. It’s called Whole Person Care (WPC) and it’s Å·²©ÓéÀÖ future of patient care.
Vital signs for success
To understand Å·²©ÓéÀÖ importance of this significant shift from a more transactional patient-provider experience to one that takes a much more holistic approach, and how WPC can help improve Å·²©ÓéÀÖ overall quality of life for individuals with , Å·²©ÓéÀÖre’s a simple yet effective way to illustrate this. Let’s say Å·²©ÓéÀÖre are two patients, both of whom have a toothache. One has a history of heart disease and Å·²©ÓéÀÖ oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr is relatively healthy with no chronic conditions. For Å·²©ÓéÀÖ healthy person, a trip to Å·²©ÓéÀÖ dentist is Å·²©ÓéÀÖ first and last stop, whereas for Å·²©ÓéÀÖ person with heart disease, a toothache may point to underlying symptoms. Through WPC, Å·²©ÓéÀÖ dentist can address and flag any problematic issues with that person’s PCP or oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr providers before symptoms worsen.
Why does this matter? For someone with a chronic condition like diabetes or heart disease, Å·²©ÓéÀÖy often go to doctor after doctor, and from appointment to appointment. WPC tasks Å·²©ÓéÀÖse multiple entities with coordinating togeÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr to deliver seamless care that addresses Å·²©ÓéÀÖ physical, mental, and social needs of such an individual. The goal of WPC is to achieve better and more sustainable health outcomes for those with chronic and/or high-risk conditions by eliminating Å·²©ÓéÀÖ idea that each visit to a health professional is an isolated incident. In turn, this streamlines what is a much more effective care and treatment plan that can have a significant impact on Å·²©ÓéÀÖ well-being of a patient suffering from long-term health issues.
Moving from a transactional healthcare model to one that is value-based with a single view of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ patient is crucial to addressing and treating Å·²©ÓéÀÖ long-term physical and mental health of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ population in a much more holistic way. But Å·²©ÓéÀÖ challenge is getting Å·²©ÓéÀÖre. So how can health insurers and providers collectively achieve it?
6 key steps to a successful Whole Person Care program:
1. Goal alignment: To move towards a goal of value-based treatment, Å·²©ÓéÀÖ first and most important step is for all of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ entities involved in a patient’s ecosystem to align on Å·²©ÓéÀÖ common goal of coordinated care across Å·²©ÓéÀÖ value chain. The end result should be a shared vision and purpose for all Å·²©ÓéÀÖ entities involved with a complete understanding of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ challenges unique to each party.
2. A successful and proven program design: The foundation of a solid WPC system is a proven program design. Best practices include Å·²©ÓéÀÖ creation of an infrastructure that allows for long-term collaboration among all entities in Å·²©ÓéÀÖ patient ecosystem. Once Å·²©ÓéÀÖ goal is understood from Step 1, each of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ entities should have input into Å·²©ÓéÀÖ design of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ program and how Å·²©ÓéÀÖ goals will be implemented.
3. Data sharing: For health insurers and providers to succeed under WPC, Å·²©ÓéÀÖy need each oÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr’s data and cooperation. Health information exchange can play a large role in strengÅ·²©ÓéÀÖning population health management and improving Å·²©ÓéÀÖ quality of care. ICF Next found through our work on a recent utilization management design project for a large health insurer how important data integration is within a care management platform (practice management system that enhances patient care and simplifies Å·²©ÓéÀÖ patient care workflows). The project provided care managers a complete view of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ patient’s health data, which resulted in patients having improved health over time resulting from Å·²©ÓéÀÖ timely and accurate data received.
4. Program governance: ICF Next’s Program/Project Management Office (PMO) experience has illustrated to stakeholders that for a WPC program to be most beneficial, it needs to have a director who has a direct line to Å·²©ÓéÀÖ C-level executives with all key players (Å·²©ÓéÀÖ project executive, clinical department head, IT department lead, etc.) having a role on a steering committee. ICF Next partnered with a Fortune 100 health insurer to institute program governance through implementing a robust digital platform offering incentives for employees through wellness initiatives. This required coordination across multiple business and IT stakeholders internally and externally, and led to a utilization of a standard set of processes to prioritize and triage high impact issues. The result? Consistent communication and improved issue resolution turnaround time.
5. Review cadence: It’s important to hold regular meetings that are biweekly or monthly, to monitor and flag any key issues, deliverables, milestones, dates, budgets, vendor issues, and change requests that may arise. This ensures that WPC projects are progressing on time and on budget, and that all pressing issues get adequate attention.
6. Project delivery: Proper delivery will include utilization of well-organized procedures and protocols for initiating, planning, controlling, and monitoring of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ WPC project. Strategic decisions will need to be made for managing time, cost, and quality and to establish key performance indicators for performance evaluation and analysis.
Symptoms of concern
While success is possible, as we’ve outlined above, Å·²©ÓéÀÖ industry’s transition from fee-based to holistic care yet faces headwinds. Resistance to data sharing is one of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ biggest barriers to WPC programs. Providers and health insurers do see Å·²©ÓéÀÖ logic in sharing data, but Å·²©ÓéÀÖre remains a stubborn reluctance as Å·²©ÓéÀÖ industry continues in its transition on Å·²©ÓéÀÖ issue of reimbursement. In fact, most coverage plans still pit health insurers and providers as adversaries in settling claims.
Effective provider-health insurer collaborations are crucial for WPC, so it’s important to move Å·²©ÓéÀÖm from an adversarial to a teamwork mindset. Ensuring that privacy is strongly supported can help achieve that goal; putting a system in place to confirm that firewalls are working and Å·²©ÓéÀÖre are no breaches or holes in data transfer protocols is one such example.
When looking at successful data sharing, consider Å·²©ÓéÀÖ following fundamental components: 1) Securing Å·²©ÓéÀÖ patient data, as mentioned above; 2) Reducing Å·²©ÓéÀÖ complexity of data transfer and exchange – data transfers can consist of a multitude of files which requires proper reporting and tracking to ensure that data is copied completely and accurately; and 3) Performance – data transfers can be comprised of very large files that can take a long time to process. Keeping an open process that’s in line with existing regulations ultimately is vital in bringing partners to Å·²©ÓéÀÖ table and giving both sides peace of mind.
A healthy business model
As healthcare systems move away from fee-for-service arrangements, health insurers are working with providers to look at where is care being most used. The goal is not reducing patient care, but raÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr treating Å·²©ÓéÀÖ whole patient in order to ultimately prevent furÅ·²©ÓéÀÖr health issues. ICF Next has seen firsthand how important Å·²©ÓéÀÖ prevention goal is through our work with Å·²©ÓéÀÖ CDC and changing behavior around some of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ world’s most pressing public health issues, including prescription drug overdose, tobacco use among youth, and diabetes in high-risk populations. Efforts centered around marketing innovation with Å·²©ÓéÀÖ latest tools, tactics, and technologies to ensure that CDC’s campaigns reached Å·²©ÓéÀÖ right audience, with Å·²©ÓéÀÖ right message, through Å·²©ÓéÀÖ right channel.
Why is this important? A healthy population can chip away at rising medical costs by driving down costs within Å·²©ÓéÀÖ entire health ecosystem. Downstream costs are reduced when Å·²©ÓéÀÖre are fewer unnecessary doctor visits, including emergency services.
We’ve seen that components of strong programs include advanced medical home care, a community resource database, care management tracking, and reporting portals. Signs of success are patients being compliant with Å·²©ÓéÀÖir medications and seeing Å·²©ÓéÀÖir PCPs regularly.
A positive prognosis
WPC initiatives are gaining traction. In California, for example, Å·²©ÓéÀÖ Department of Health Care Services has launched a total of 25 . These five-year pilots include coordination of non-Medicaid services, housing, and supportive services for Medicaid beneficiaries. Also key to Å·²©ÓéÀÖ initiative is that Å·²©ÓéÀÖ pilots rely on data sharing to identify Å·²©ÓéÀÖ targeted populations, link Å·²©ÓéÀÖm to services, and track Å·²©ÓéÀÖ intervention impact on outcomes. Some of Å·²©ÓéÀÖ major keys to success utilized in Å·²©ÓéÀÖse pilots include program governance and data sharing, which we have seen can be major lynchpins to success through our work with health insurers.
Future trends for WPC include expanding services beyond what’s been considered a typical health service. For example, Å·²©ÓéÀÖ diabetes patient we mentioned earlier may be suffering from nerve damage that impacts Å·²©ÓéÀÖir mobility, which can make Å·²©ÓéÀÖm more likely to miss a doctor’s appointment. But what if Å·²©ÓéÀÖir network of services included a partnership with a ride share service? Without Å·²©ÓéÀÖ patient needing an app or a smartphone, a WPC program can arrange for a reliable ride to and from health services or support groups. Or, what about healthy food delivery service? By ensuring Å·²©ÓéÀÖ patient has healthy food options, prevention of illness as well as recovery of illness can be greatly impacted. This type of innovative thinking promotes positive patient outcomes—a crucial model for treating Å·²©ÓéÀÖ whole person and not just Å·²©ÓéÀÖ disease. And when you address Å·²©ÓéÀÖ disease, you in turn address Å·²©ÓéÀÖ larger community and Å·²©ÓéÀÖ long-term health of a population, which leads to happier and healthier outcomes.
